Endodontic microscopic surgery, that include: apicoectomy, surgical repair of the external cervical root resorptions/ ECIR or as they are lately known external root resorptions/ERR, and root amputation, are adjunctive treatments that can aid in further maintaining the tooth on the arch. Usually, surgical treatment is offered when the patient remains symptomatic after the non-surgical treatment possibilities have been exhausted, i.e. initial therapy/ RCT, and non-surgical re-treatment.
With proper case selection, surgical treatment is a highly predictable option, and its success has increased in the last 20-30yrs due to new techniques used- operating microscope, increased illumination system, ultrasonic instruments, and bio-ceramic materials.